@article{ author = {Dinpanah, Hossein and Azmoude, Elham and Izadi, Ali and Kamali, Mostafa and Ghasemi, Reza and Beheshti, Farimah and Kakhki, Samaneh and Khatibi, Seyed Rez}, title = {The Role of Continuous Education in Decreasing Unnecessary Transfers to Emergency Department by Emergency Medical Services; a Before-After Study}, abstract ={Emergency medical services (EMS) staff can play an important role in reducing emergency department (ED) overcrowding by decreasing unnecessary transfers. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of continuous education of EMS staff in decreasing the unnecessary transfers to ED. In this before-after study, analysis of 1500 EMS calls according to transferred and not transferred patients to ED was done and an educational package consisting of indications for transferring patients to ED based on existing references was prepared. EMS staff underwent an educational course by mentioned package and data of patients’ transportation after training was gathered and compared to the period before training. 3000 calls to pre-hospital emergency service were evaluated (1500 cases before and 1500 cases after training). The number of cases not transferred by EMS increased from 243 (16.2%) cases before training to 461 (30.7%) after that and the decreasing number of transfers to ED after training was significant (p<0.001). The highest percentage of decrease in transfer to ED belonged to complaints of lower back pain with 45%, mental problems with 27.7%, and direct extremity trauma with 23.4%, respectively. Patients not transferred to ED on the first call to EMS and coming with daily to ED during one week from the first call with the same complaint decreased from 13.6% (33 cases) to 8% (40 cases) after training. The highest percentage of the delayed coming patient to ED during 1 week after the first call to EMS belonged to cardiac complaints with 4.6% and mental complaints with 2.4%. Based on the findings of the present study, empowering pre-hospital emergency staff by continuous education leads to a 14.5% decrease in unnecessary referral cases and a 5.6% drop in unnecessary visits in ED.}, Keywords = {Emergency medical dispatch, Emergency medical services, Triage, Patient safety, Crowding}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, publisher = {}, url = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-31-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Health and Medical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Foroughi, Maryam and Bazrafshan, Edris and Alafchi, Behnaz and Sarmadi, Mohammad and Abbaspour, Sedighe}, title = {The worldwide challenge of COVID-19 patient overload on hospitals: A modelling, meta-analysis-based study}, abstract ={Since a huge load of infected incoming people in the time of COVID-19 needs to be managed in medical facilities, estimation of the load extent of the outbreak and design of the facilities accordingly, can help the authorities to be equipped for such challenges. The basic reproduction number (R0) was obtained from a random-effects model in the meta-analysis procedure. The cumulative death numbers (CDN) were then estimated using the cubic curve estimations, which in turn, was based to estimate the required beds in each country. The shortages of beds were calculated from the difference between the available and required beds. Finally, a multiple barriers strategy was proposed according to epidemiological parameters to decrease patient overload during the outbreaks. The mean pooled R0 was found to be 3.04 (95%CI: 2.62-3.45). The correlation coefficients for the cubic curve estimations for different countries were 0.97-0.99. From hospital beds shortage standpoint, the results showed that Australia, South Korea, and Turkey are in a better position relative to other countries studied. However, Italy, Spain, France, the USA, and the UK will experience limitations if no action be taken to prevent COVID-19 from spreading. If the exponential growth of infection remains for the next weeks, the related authorities should consider much more hospital beds (as well as related supplementary equipment and medical-based staff) for COVID-19 infected cases. Although the considerable changes in the medical-based footprints can allocate the side effects of the challenge, it seems that we need to refine our frameworks to prevent or minimize, at least, the life losses.}, Keywords = {COVID-19, Hospital beds, Critical Care Beds, Modelling, Meta-analysis}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {7-16}, publisher = {}, url = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-29-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Health and Medical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Bakhtiari-Dovvombaygi, Hossein and Saadat, Saeideh and Beheshti, Farimah}, title = {Feeding of Nigella sativa during lactation improved serum prolactin level of hypothyroid and euthyroid rats}, abstract ={This study was done to investigate the effects of feeding by the hydro-alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa (NS) during lactation on prolactin level of mothers and weight gain of offspring in propylthiouracil (PTU) induced- hypothyroid and euthyroid rats. Forty pregnant rats were randomly divided into 8 groups and treated by: (1) Normal drinking water as a control group; (2) 0.005% PTU in drinking water; (3-5) 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg hydro-alcoholic extract of NS plus PTU (6-8) 100, 200 or 400 mg/ kg of the plant extract in drinking water without PTU. Mothers received the experimental treatments from the first day after delivery through the lactation period. The offspring continued to receive the experimental treatments up to the first two months of their life. PTU decreased serum thyroxin concentration of mothers and their dams compared to the control ones (P<0.001) which improved by the plant extract (P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups in TSH concentration. There was no significant difference between PTU and control groups in the duration of the lactation period and also in serum prolactin level. All doses of the plant extract increased the duration of lactation period of both hypothyroid and euthyroid rats compared to both control and PTU groups which were accompanied by serum prolactin concentration (P<0.001). The extract also increased the body weight gain of offspring rats (P < 0.01- P<0.001). In the present study we showed hypothyroid status induced by PTU during the lactation period did not change serum prolactin level. Administration of NS extract during lactation period improved prolactin concentrations in both hypothyroid and euthyroid rats, prolonged lactation period, and improved weight gain of the offspring.}, Keywords = {Nigella Sativa, Propylthiouracil, Hypothyroid, Lactation, Prolactin.}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-23}, publisher = {}, url = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-28-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Health and Medical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Kasiri, Nayyereh and Barzanouni, Somaye and Seyedhasani, Seyedeh Nahi}, title = {The Prevalence of Diabetes-Related Complications in Patients Referred to Hospitals in Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran, in 2018-2019}, abstract ={Diabetes mellitus (DM), as one of the cumbersome challenges facing public health worldwide, is characterized by numerous chronic complications. Concerning major changes occurring in most organs of the body, this condition gives rise to early or late complications, so that the overall costs of healthcare in this respect have been mostly reported for hospitalization as well as treatment and care for the disease and its complications. Given the prevalence of DM and its complications and the fact that no surveys have been so far conducted on the prevalence of DM-related complications in Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran. This study aimed to reflect on DM-related complications in patients referred to the hospitals located in Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran, in 2018-2019. This cross-sectional study was performed on 250 medical records of patients with DM admitted to 9-Dey Education Hospital in this city. For this purpose, the demographic characteristics information, as well as the complications caused by DM, was extracted from the patients’ medical records. The data were further analyzed using the SPSS Statistics software 20 including descriptive and analytic methods. The study results suggested that the most frequent DM-related complication was observed for circulatory system diseases (41.5%) and the least frequent one was about neurotic disorders (4%), respectively. There was also a significant relationship between the type of complication and the variables of gender, age, marital status, and type of DM (p<0.05). Nevertheless, no significant difference was found between the variable of the type of complication and the variables of occupation, place of residence, and fasting blood sugar levels. Ultimately, it was concluded that providing patients and their families with appropriate training could help them control blood sugar levels, which could significantly reduce DM-related complications.}, Keywords = {Prevalence, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus-Related Complications}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {24-30}, publisher = {}, url = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-27-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Health and Medical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Rezaiemanesh, Mohammad Reza and Vafaei, Mohammad Reza and Jabalameli, Zahra and Falahati, Mohammad and Ghomashlooyan, Mohsen and Mohaghegh, Mohammad Ali}, title = {Soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in the public parks and primary schools of Kermanshah, west of Iran}, abstract ={Toxocariasis is a common parasitic infection in the world that is caused by the larvae stage of two members of the family Ascarididae, Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. The main source of soil contamination with Toxocara eggs is dogs' and cats' faces. The soil, where Toxocara eggs become infective, is the natural source of infection. This study was carried out to determine the rate of soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in primary schools and public parks in Kermanshah city, Western Iran. This survey was conducted from September 2014 to January 2015 in Kermanshah city, West of Iran. A total of 192 soil samples were collected from different parks and primary schools, 24 parks, and 24 primary schools, of six regions. Soil samples were investigated for the presence of Toxocara eggs by flotation technique using sucrose solution and examined under a light microscope using 10X and 40X objectives. Out of 192 soil samples, 56 (29.2%) were found to contain Toxocara spp. eggs. Toxocara eggs were observed in 21(87.5%) out of 24 studied parks and 11(45.8%) out of 24 studied primary schools. Forty-three (44.8%) out of 96 samples from public parks and 13(13.5%) out of 96 samples from primary schools were found to contain Toxocara eggs. Data analysis through the chi-square test revealed that there is a significant relationship in the contamination rate between parks and primary schools (P<0.001). The results of this study illustrate that Toxocara spp. are common parasites in the soil in the public parks and primary schools in Kermanshah. Thus, soil contamination with Toxocara eggs can be regarded as a potential health problem in this city.}, Keywords = {Soil, Toxocara, Iran, Flotation technique}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {31-35}, publisher = {}, url = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-26-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Health and Medical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Hoseini, Seyyedhamid and Ghorbani, Mohammad and Barzanouni, Somayeh and Hashemi, Seyyed Mehdi and MoradiMogarmoon, Hekmat All}, title = {Investigation of Social Harm in Clients Referred to the Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation of the Social Hurt in Shiraz in 2016}, abstract ={As a threat, social harm imposes a serious challenge to the health of individuals in the community. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of social harm in clients referred to the Department of Prevention and Rehabilitation of the social hurt in Shiraz. 5289 individuals who had been brought to or referred to the center by the teams of Prevention and Rehabilitation in the city of Shiraz in 2016 participated in this cross-sectional study. The data were collected through a researcher-made form. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test and SPSS software. The results showed that 3950 (74.7%) participants were male adults, 813 (15.4%) were female adults and 526 (9.9%) were under 15 years old. The findings showed that 4827 (91.3%) participants were Iranian, 320 (6.1%) were Afghan and 142 (2.7%) were Pakistani. And finally, from the total number of people admitted to the center, 1435 (27.1%) individuals were freed on parole, 556 (10.5%) were referred to the recruitment unit, and 1652 (31.2%) were referred to rehabilitation centers. Given that the issue of social harm has become one of the most important challenges in recent years and this situation can adversely affect the physical and mental health of individuals in the community, there is a need for an organized and scientific approach accordingly.}, Keywords = {Social harm, Epidemiology, Shiraz}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {36-40}, publisher = {}, url = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-24-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Health and Medical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Ghodrati, Abbas and RajabZadeh, Javad and Zandi, Anahita and Seyyedmoharami, Iman and Mishmast, Mohamad Rez}, title = {Effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on blood serotonin levels and cognitive emotional regulation in drug abusers}, abstract ={Drug abuse leads to physical and psychological problems. Considering the negative and increasing consequences of drug abuse disorder in the community and the importance of this issue, we decided to investigate the efficacy of psychological therapies on reducing drug abuse disorder. This study aimed at the efficacy of dialectical behavioral therapy on blood serotonin levels and cognitive-emotional regulation among drug abusers. It was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population consisted of all men with drug abuse referring to Torbat Heydariyeh Adult Drug Abuse Clinic, 40 of whom were selected by simple random sampling for the experimental group (DBT) and a control group. The experimental group was trained for 10 sessions of 90 minutes per week, but the control group was on the waiting list and received no training. Demographic questionnaire, cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire was developed by Granefski and in vitro serum levels of serotonin were used for data collection before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance in SPSS 24 software. The results of multivariate analysis of covariance showed that in the groups of dialectical behavioral therapy, intervention on cognitive-emotional regulation and blood serotonin had a significant effect on post-test (P <0. 05). According to the findings, dialectical behavioral therapy was effective in elevating blood serotonin and cognitive-emotional regulation among drug abusers.}, Keywords = {Dialectical behavioral therapy, Blood serotonin level, Cognitive emotional regulation, Drug abuse}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-47}, publisher = {}, url = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-23-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Health and Medical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2022} } @article{ author = {Abdollahi, Mahbubeh and Karimi, Fatemeh Zahra and Avazzadeh, Zeynab}, title = {Factors Affecting the Survival of Patients with Breast Cancer Referring to the Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR Tehran Using the Cure Model}, abstract ={Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. This study aimed to determine the disease-free survival and its prognostic factors among Iranian patients. In this longitudinal study, 559 cases of breast cancer were studied. The subjects were registered in Motamed Cancer Institute, Tehran, Iran, during the period 1997-2007 and were followed up to 2013. The data were analyzed using STATA version 11 software. The results of this study showed that lymph node involvement and tumor size were associated with disease-free survival time. The group with lymph nodes involvement had an odds of survival 55%   lower than the other group (P = 0.01). With one unit increase in the tumor size, the odds of survival decreased by 53% (P < 0.001). Level of education, type of surgery, ER, and age was not identified as prognostic factors. The impact of lymph node involvement and tumor size on survival is verifying the importance of early detection of the disease, the need for awareness of women and the implementation of screening programs in this regard.}, Keywords = {breast cancer, cure model, disease free survival}, volume = {1}, Number = {1}, pages = {48-54}, publisher = {}, url = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.html}, eprint = {http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-22-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Research in Health and Medical Sciences}, issn = {}, eissn = {}, year = {2022} }