en عمومى General Orginal Article <div style="text-align: justify;">The desire for childbearing, as one of the primary indicators influencing population growth, holds significant importance in demographic studies. Identifying the factors affecting the decrease or increase of this desire is also of great importance. Accordingly, the present study investigated the social and cultural factors affecting singlechild families among urban young couples in Torbat Heydariyeh County.<p></p>In this explanatory causal study, the research population consisted of 380 married women residing in the urban area of Torbat Heydariyeh County, who were selected using Cochran&#39;s formula and a two-stage random sampling method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, chi-square tests, and SPSS software version 21.<p></p>The mean age at marriage of mothers in single-child families was 18.81 &plusmn; 4.93, whereas in families with more than one child, it was 20.53 &plusmn; 4.99. The findings showed a significant relationship between the number of children and the variables of maternal age at marriage, maternal and paternal education, paternal employment status, and the history of the number of children in the mother&#39;s family of origin (p < 0.05). These results emphasize the necessity for policymakers and social planners to pay special attention to these contextual variables when examining or designing interventions related to population policies.</div> Desire for childbearing, Social factors, Cultural factors, Single-child family 39 46 http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-209-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Seyyedeh Salimeh Mahjoub 10031947532846001823 10031947532846001823 Yes Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Rahmatullah Amir Ahmadi 10031947532846001824 10031947532846001824 No Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Maryam Zirak Roodi 10031947532846001825 10031947532846001825 No Student research committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran