Controlling diabetes and preventing its complications is a progressive problem that requires a long-term and low-cost solution. Therefore, the use of structured models, such as the health belief model, can be considered as an effective step in this direction. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effective factors for the prevention of stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes based on the components of the health belief model. In this cross-sectional study, 140 patients with type 2 diabetes from the Diabetes Clinic of Dezful Ganjavian Hospital in 2022 were included in the study using the convenience method. They completed a 25-question questionnaire that measured susceptibility, severity, benefits, barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. Descriptive analysis was used to explain demographic variables and the health belief model's dimensions. Mann-Whitney using SPSS 16 software with a statistical significance at P<.05 was used for data analysis. The total score of the questionnaire was below average (63.88 ± 6.73). Perception of benefits had the highest average (15 ± 1.77). There was a significant relationship between the total score of the health belief model and education level (p <0.001). The results showed that the perception of patients regarding stroke prevention was low and that attention should be paid to this issue in health and educational programs.