<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<journal>
<title>Research in Health and Medical Sciences</title>
<title_fa>عنوان نشریه</title_fa>
<short_title>JRHMS</short_title>
<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
<web_url>http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir</web_url>
<journal_hbi_system_id>1</journal_hbi_system_id>
<journal_hbi_system_user>admin</journal_hbi_system_user>
<journal_id_issn>2783-5251</journal_id_issn>
<journal_id_issn_online>2783-5251</journal_id_issn_online>
<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
<journal_id_doi>doi</journal_id_doi>
<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
<language>en</language>
<pubdate>
	<type>jalali</type>
	<year>1402</year>
	<month>3</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<pubdate>
	<type>gregorian</type>
	<year>2023</year>
	<month>6</month>
	<day>1</day>
</pubdate>
<volume>2</volume>
<number>2</number>
<publish_type>online</publish_type>
<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
<articleset>
	<article>


	<language>en</language>
	<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
	<title_fa>مقایسه دو راهنما برای شاهدین حوادث رانندگی جاده ای: یک مطالعه شبیه سازی تصادفی کنترل شده</title_fa>
	<title>Comparison of Two Guidelines for Road Traffic Crash Bystanders: A Randomized Controlled Simulation Study</title>
	<subject_fa>تخصصي</subject_fa>
	<subject>Special</subject>
	<content_type_fa></content_type_fa>
	<content_type></content_type>
	<abstract_fa>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:24.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;مقدمه: شاهدین حوادث ترافیکی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;می توانند با راهنمایی اعزام کننده های فوریت های پزشکی کمک های اولیه را به افراد آسیب دیده ارائه دهند. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر دستورالعمل اعزام&#8204;کننده فوریت&#8204;های پزشکی بر راهنمایی افراد حادثه دیده در صحنه حادثه ترافیکی، برای ارائه کمک&#8204;های اولیه در یک شبیه&#8204;سازی انجام شد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:24.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;روش: نویسندگان دو مجموعه از دستورالعمل&#8204;ها را برای اعزام&#8204;کننده&#8204;های اورژانس به منظور ارائه کمک&#8204;های اولیه برای تصادفات ترافیکی جاده&#8204;ای&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;در یکی از شهرهای ایران، مقایسه کردند. &amp;nbsp;یک &amp;quot;راهنمای گام به گام&amp;quot; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(SBSG) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;و یک &amp;quot;راهنمای تصادفات تصادفات جاده ای&amp;quot; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;(RTCBG)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; به کار گرفته شد. به دو اعزام کننده با حداقل یک سال سابقه کاری راهنمای &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;SBSG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; و به دو اعزام کننده دیگر راهنمای &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;RTCBG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; در طی 3 ساعت آموزش داده شد.&amp;nbsp; 64 فرد داوطلب تلاش کردند کمک های اولیه را در شبیه سازی های &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;RTC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; ارائه دهند، که به طور تصادفی توسط اعزام کنندگان آموزش دیده با &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;SBSG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; یا &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;RTCBG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; به آنها توصیه می شد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;pre dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:24.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span courier=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;یافته&#8204;ها: 30 نفر در گروه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;RTCBG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; و 31 نفر در گروه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;SBSG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; بودند. از نظر پیامد اصلی مطالعه، نمره کل شرکت کنندگان در گروه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;RTCTBG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; بالاتر از گروه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;SBSG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; بود (میانگین: 56.60 در مقابل 44.06، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; &lt;0.001). در کمک های اولیه، اقدامات احتیاطی استاندارد (میانگین: 3.40 در مقابل 1، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; &lt;0.001)، حفاظت از راه هوایی (میانگین: 2.43 در مقابل 1، وضعیت بهبودی هاینس (میانگین: 2.57 در مقابل 1، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; &lt;0.001)، تخلیه سریع (میانگین: 2.13 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;VS 1) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; &lt;0.001)، آتل بندی (میانگین: 3.10 در مقابل 1، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; &lt;0.001)، مدیریت صحنه (میانگین: 2.90 در مقابل 1، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; &lt;0.001)، حرکت (میانگین: 2.93 در مقابل 2.58، &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;P = 0.04)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;، گروه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;RTCTBG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; امتیاز بالاتری نسبت به گروه &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;SBSG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; کسب کرد (جدول 2). تفاوت معنی داری بین دو گروه از نظر دقت انجام حفاظت راه هوایی، وضعیت بهبودی هاینس، تخلیه سریع، مدیریت صحنه، آتل بندی، و اقدامات احتیاطی استاندارد &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; &lt;0.001 مشاهده شد. تفاوت بین دو گروه از نظر زمان اجرا &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; &lt;0.001 معنی دار بود.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:24.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span courier=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;بحث: افراد داوطلبی که توسط یک اعزام کننده با راهنمای &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;RTCBG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; هدایت شدند، به طور متوسط &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;​​&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;بهتر&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;از&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;افرادی بودند&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;که&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;توسط اعزام کننده&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;با راهنمای&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;SBSG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; آموزش داده شده بودند. کیفیت اجرای کمک های اولیه در شرکت کنندگان با راهنمای &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;RTCBG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; بالاتر بود. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;RTCBG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; می تواند امتیاز کیفی شرکت کنندگان را در صحنه تصادف ترافیکی شبیه سازی شده با هدایت بهتر آنها در مقایسه با &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;SBSG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt; بهبود بخشد.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;text-align:justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:24.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span courier=&quot;&quot; new=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;FA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span b=&quot;&quot; nazanin=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;کلمات کلیدی: حوادث ترافیکی جاده ای، شاهدین، شبیه سازی، اعزام فوریت های پزشکی&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:24.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;tab-stops:45.8pt 91.6pt 137.4pt 183.2pt 229.0pt 274.8pt 320.6pt 366.4pt 412.2pt 458.0pt 503.8pt 549.6pt 595.4pt 641.2pt 687.0pt 732.8pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;direction:rtl&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;unicode-bidi:embed&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span inherit=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#1f1f1f&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height:107%&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</abstract_fa>
	<abstract>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;r providing first aid in a simulation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Method: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:white&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#222222&quot;&gt;The authors compared two sets of guidelines for emergency dispatchers to advise bystanders providing first aid for road traffic crashes (RTC) in an Iranian city.&amp;nbsp; A &amp;ldquo;Step by step guideline&amp;rdquo; (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Bystanders of road traffic crashes (RTC) can provide lifesaving first aid and assistance to injured individuals. Emergency medical dispatchers can guide these bystanders. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of guidelines for emergency medical dispatchers in instructing bystanders at road traffic crash scenes to administer first aid through a simulation. The authors compared two sets of guidelines for emergency dispatchers to advice bystanders providing first aid for road traffic crashes (RTC) in an Iranian city. A &amp;ldquo;Step by Step Guideline&amp;rdquo; (SBSG) was considered standard, while a &amp;ldquo;Road Traffic Crash Bystander Guideline&amp;rdquo; (RTCBG) served as a more thoughtfully designed alternative. Two dispatchers with at least a year of experience received 3 hours of training on SBSG, and two other dispatchers were trained for 3 hours on RTCBG. Sixty-four non-medical voluntary subjects attempted to provide first aid in RTC simulations and were randomly assigned to be advised by dispatchers trained in either SBSG or RTCBG. 30 subjects were in the RTCBG group and 31 subjects in the SBSG group. In terms of the main outcome of the study, the total score of the participants in the RTCTBG group was significantly higher than that of the SBSG group (mean: 56.60 vs 44.06, P &lt;0.001). In first aid, standard precautions (mean: 3.40 VS 1, P &lt;0.001), airway protection (mean: 2.43 VS 1, Haines recovery position (mean: 2.57 VS 1, P &lt;0.001), rapid evacuation (mean: 2.13 VS 1, P &lt;0.001), splinting (mean: 3.10 VS 1, P &lt;0.001), scene management (mean: 2.90 VS 1, P &lt;0.001), movement (mean: 2.93 VS 2.58, P = 0.04), RTCTBG group scored higher than SBSG group (Table 2). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the accuracy of performing airway protection, Haines recovery position, rapid evacuation, scene management, splinting, and standard precautions (P &lt;0.001). The difference between the two groups was significant in terms of execution time (P &lt;0.001). The voluntary subjects assigned to a dispatcher trained with RTCBG performed better on average than those assigned to a dispatcher trained with SBSG. Participants guided by RTCBG demonstrated higher quality first aid compared to those guided by SBSG. RTCBG&amp;#39;s guidance led to an improvement in the participants&amp;#39; quality score during the simulated traffic crash scene&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:white&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#222222&quot;&gt;SBSG) was apparently considered - standard, and a &amp;ldquo;Road Traffic Crash Bystander Guideline&amp;rdquo; (RTCBG) was a more carefully designed alternative.&amp;nbsp; Two dispatchers with at least a year of experience were given 3 hours of training with SBSG, and two other dispatchers were given 3 hours of training with RTCBG.&amp;nbsp; 64 non-medical voluntary subjects attempted to provide first aid in RTC simulations, randomly assigned to be advised by dispatchers trained with SBSG or with RTCBG.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Results&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;: 30 subjects were in RTCBG group and 31 subjects in SBSG group. In terms of the main outcome of the study, the total score of the participants in RTCTBG group was higher than SBSG group (mean: 56.60 VS 44.06, P &lt;0.001). In first aid, standard precautions (mean: 3.40 VS 1, P &lt;0.001), airway protection (mean: 2.43 VS 1, Haines recovery position (mean: 2.57 VS 1, P &lt;0.001), rapid evacuation (mean: 2.13 VS 1, P &lt;0.001), splinting (mean: 3.10 VS 1, P &lt;0.001), scene management (mean: 2.90 VS 1, P &lt;0.001), movement (mean: 2.93 VS 2.58, P = 0.04), RTCTBG group scored higher than SBSG group (Table 2). There was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of the accuracy of performing airway protection, Haines recovery position, rapid evacuation, scene management, splinting, and standard precautions p &lt;0.001. The difference between the two groups was significant in terms of execution time P &lt;0.001.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:11pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;Discussion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background:white&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#222222&quot;&gt;The voluntary subjects assigned to a dispatcher trained with RTCBG performed better on average than those assigned to a dispatcher trained with SBSG.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12.0pt&quot;&gt;&lt;span new=&quot;&quot; roman=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;font-family:&quot; times=&quot;&quot;&gt; The quality of first aid was higher in participants guided by RTCBG. RTCBG could improve the participants&amp;rsquo; quality score in the simulated traffic crash scene by better guiding them compared to SBSG.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&amp;nbsp;</abstract>
	<keyword_fa>حوادث ترافیکی جاده ای, شاهدین, شبیه سازی, اعزام فوریت های پزشکی</keyword_fa>
	<keyword>Road traffic crashes, Bystander, Simulation, Emergency Medical Dispatch</keyword>
	<start_page>21</start_page>
	<end_page>32</end_page>
	<web_url>http://jrhms.thums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-99-2&amp;slc_lang=en&amp;sid=1</web_url>


<author_list>
	<author>
	<first_name>Hojjat</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Shafaei</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email>shafaeeh1@gmail.com</email>
	<code>10031947532846001095</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846001095</orcid>
	<coreauthor>Yes
</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Abbas</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Ostadtaghizadeh</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846001096</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846001096</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Davoud</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Khorasani-Zavareh</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846001097</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846001097</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Jon Mark</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Hirshon</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846001098</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846001098</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Departments of Emergency Medicine and of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Shahrzad</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Nematollahi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846001099</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846001099</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Amir Hosein</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Mirhaghi</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846001100</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846001100</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation> Evidence-Based Caring Research Center, Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of  Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


	<author>
	<first_name>Mohammad Javad</first_name>
	<middle_name></middle_name>
	<last_name>Moradian</last_name>
	<suffix></suffix>
	<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
	<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
	<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
	<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
	<email></email>
	<code>10031947532846001101</code>
	<orcid>10031947532846001101</orcid>
	<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
	<affiliation>Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran</affiliation>
	<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
	 </author>


</author_list>


	</article>
</articleset>
</journal>
