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One way to control pain and anxiety in a variety of medical procedures in children is through the use of nonpharmacological distraction techniques. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of such techniques. In this systematic review, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for articles published between 2015 and 2022 using specific keywords such as distraction, non-pharmacological techniques, procedural therapy, and children. Following the search, a total of 42 original articles and 21 review articles were screened and evaluated for inclusion in the study. The distribution of medical and therapeutic procedures in the articles reviewed was as follows: 21.4% were related to dentistry, 21.42% to IV procedures, 14.28% to vaccinations, 9.52% to painful interventions, 7.14% to blood sampling, 7.14% to surgeries, 4.76% to stitches, and 14.28% to other procedures. Non-pharmacological solutions mentioned in the articles included robotic technology (14.28%), watching cartoons (11.9%), training videos (7.14%), mother's presence, breastfeeding and mother's voice (7.14%), audio-visual tools (4.76%), music therapy and pressure technique (7.14%) and various other solutions. Given the lower risk of complications associated with non-pharmacological techniques, the sensitivity of children to drug dosage and side effects, and the cost-effectiveness of these techniques, their use is preferred in pediatric medical procedures.

Keywords: Distraction, Children, Medical procedures, Non-pharmacological technique

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