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Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common postoperative complications, leading to prolonged hospitalization, increased healthcare costs, and reduced quality of life. The knowledge and performance of surgical teams in adhering to preventive protocols play a crucial role in reducing the incidence of these infections. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and performance of operating room staff and surgical technology students regarding the prevention of SSIs. This descriptive–analytical cross‑sectional study was conducted in 2024 with 80 participants (65 staff members and 15 students) working in the operating rooms of hospitals affiliated with Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data were collected using a validated standard questionnaire comprising demographic information, 25 multiple‑choice items on knowledge, and 18 self‑reported items on performance rated on a Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t‑test, chi‑square, and Pearson correlation tests in SPSS version 26. The overall mean knowledge score was 55.60 ± 12.10, and the mean performance score was 63.90 ± 8.70, indicating a moderate level of knowledge and a moderately high level of performance. Staff demonstrated better performance in technical procedures such as sterile dressing and skin preparation. In contrast, students excelled in fundamental skills like proper hand disinfection and mask/glove replacement. Knowledge and performance were significantly correlated across the entire sample (r = 0.45, p < 0.001), particularly among staff members. The findings highlight the need for targeted educational initiatives to strengthen theoretical knowledge among students and update advanced technical skills among staff. Incorporating simulation‑based learning, immediate feedback, and blended assessment strategies may enhance the integration of knowledge and practice, ultimately contributing to a reduction in SSI incidence.

Keywords: Surgical site infection, Infection prevention, Operating room staff, Knowledge and performance

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